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<title data-rh="true">Quantitative Analysis | OpenBB Docs</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://docs.openbb.co/img/banner.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://docs.openbb.co/img/banner.png"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://docs.openbb.co/terminal/guides/intros/common/qa"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Quantitative Analysis | OpenBB Docs"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Quantitative analysis (QA) in finance is an approach that emphasizes mathematical and statistical analysis to help determine the value of a financial asset, such as a stock or option. The ultimate goal of financial quantitative analysis is to use quantifiable statistics and metrics to assist investors in making profitable investment decisions. Quantitative analysis is different from qualitative analysis, which looks at factors such as how companies are structured, the makeup of their management teams, and what their strengths and weaknesses are."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Quantitative analysis (QA) in finance is an approach that emphasizes mathematical and statistical analysis to help determine the value of a financial asset, such as a stock or option. The ultimate goal of financial quantitative analysis is to use quantifiable statistics and metrics to assist investors in making profitable investment decisions. Quantitative analysis is different from qualitative analysis, which looks at factors such as how companies are structured, the makeup of their management teams, and what their strengths and weaknesses are."><meta data-rh="true" name="keywords" content="quantitative,analysis,qa,q/a,daily,indicators,signals,average,summary,normality,line,hist,cdf,bw,acf,qqplot,rolling,spread,quantile,skew,kurtosis,var,es,sh,so,om,raw,decompose,cusum,capm,beta,histogram,auto-correlation,value,median,crypto,forex,fx,cryptocurrency,stocks"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://docs.openbb.co/terminal/guides/intros/common/qa"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.openbb.co/terminal/guides/intros/common/qa" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.openbb.co/terminal/guides/intros/common/qa" hreflang="x-default"><script data-rh="true" defer="true" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon="{&quot;token&quot;: &quot;100eb319cb954b9ea86aa757652c0958&quot;}"></script><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
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class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Quantitative Analysis</h1></header><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitativeanalysis.asp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Quantitative analysis (QA)</a> in finance is an approach that emphasizes mathematical and statistical analysis to help determine the value of a financial asset, such as a stock or option. The ultimate goal of financial quantitative analysis is to use quantifiable statistics and metrics to assist investors in making profitable investment decisions. Quantitative analysis is different from qualitative analysis, which looks at factors such as how companies are structured, the makeup of their management teams, and what their strengths and weaknesses are.<p>The Quantitative Analysis menu is a common menu to three asset classes:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="/terminal/guides/intros/crypto">Crypto</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="/terminal/guides/intros/forex">Forex</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="/terminal/guides/intros/stocks">Stocks</a></li></ul><img loading="lazy" width="1110" alt="The Quantitative Analysis menu" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183483507-a4bef3e8-6603-46fb-a022-424f18af32d6.png" class="img_ev3q"><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="how-to-use">How to use<a class="hash-link" href="#how-to-use" title="Direct link to heading">​</a></h3><p>Enter the menu, through one of the asset classes listed above, by entering <code>qa</code> in the Terminal. The ticker that is loaded before entering the menu will determine the timeframe for the analysis. To alter it, use the <code>load</code> function and pick a new <code>--start</code> and <code>--end</code> for the observation window. The QA functions target a specified column of the data. By default, this is returns. Use the <code>pick</code> command to chose a new target column.</p><img loading="lazy" width="358" alt="Picking a new target column" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183483572-6127eaff-69d2-4d67-8e60-8d7756a043b0.png" class="img_ev3q"><p>The menu is divided into five categories of functions:</p><ul><li>Statistics</li><li>Plots</li><li>Rolling Metrics</li><li>Risk</li><li>Other</li></ul><p>A summary of exportable statistics is displayed with the command, <code>summary</code>. The example here shows $APPL.</p><img loading="lazy" width="1109" alt="QA summary for Apple" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183483647-3414adae-c4de-4b1e-81a5-04a4d8a51e19.png" class="img_ev3q"><p>A simple line chart for the target column as a time-series is called with the <code>line</code> command.</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183483733-043f9c21-c408-4526-8c39-16937a05d46a.png" alt="Line chart of Apple highs over time" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>Optional arguments to this command allows the user to draw and annotate on the chart.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#9CDCFE;--prism-background-color:#1E1E1E"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 12:14 /stocks/qa/ $ line -h usage: line [--log] [-d] [--ml ML]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">[--ms MS] [-h] [--export EXPORT]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">Show line plot of selected data or highlight specific datetimes.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">options: --log Plot with y on log scale (default: False) --ml ML Draw vertical</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">line markers to highlight certain events (default: ) --ms MS Draw scatter</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">markers to highlight certain events (default: ) -h, --help show this help</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">message (default: False) --export EXPORT Export figure into png, jpg, pdf, svg</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">(default: )</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">For more information and examples, use &#x27;about line&#x27; to access the related guide.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 12:20 /stocks/qa/ $ pick high</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">Compare the beta between the loaded asset and another, using the `-r` flag to</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">deviate from the defaulted comparison, $SPY.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 12:34 /stocks/qa/ $ beta -r MSFT</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">Loading Daily MSFT stock with starting period 2019-08-05 for analysis.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><img loading="lazy" width="762" alt="Beta of $AAPL relative to $MSFT" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183483898-dac417a8-0afe-46d2-b8e9-e855e8752fc8.png" class="img_ev3q"><p>Most outputs are equipped with an <code>--export</code> flag, allowing the user to save the tables as a CSV, JSON, or XLSX file. The exports can then be imported into other menus like <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="/terminal/guides/intros/econometrics"> Econometrics</a>. Additional information on each specific command is displayed by attaching <code>-h</code> to it.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="examples">Examples<a class="hash-link" href="#examples" title="Direct link to heading">​</a></h3><p>Box and Whisker plots for monthly and yearly scales:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#9CDCFE;--prism-background-color:#1E1E1E"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 12:47 /stocks/qa/ $ bw</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183483965-a6c2d076-4896-47ec-a314-fc6a574ad8de.png" alt="Monthly box and whisker plot for Apple" class="img_ev3q"></p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#9CDCFE;--prism-background-color:#1E1E1E"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 12:47 /stocks/qa/ $ bw -y</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484096-73eadd0c-1618-4e95-a27b-79e81cd6afad.png" alt="Yearly box and whisker plot for Apple" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>Pick <code>logret</code> for rate of change to the returns of the asset:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#9CDCFE;--prism-background-color:#1E1E1E"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 12:47 /stocks/qa/ $ pick logret</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 12:51 /stocks/qa/ $ bw -y</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484172-5c001e9d-911c-44cd-848c-9ae5ec13dbc2.png" alt="Yearly rate of change on returns from Apple" class="img_ev3q"></p><p><code>decompose</code> shows a visual representation of trend and seasonality.</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484221-8e65e855-8a18-4bfd-8d49-b44ad50691b1.png" alt="Additive Decompose of daily $AAPL data" class="img_ev3q"></p><p><code>skew</code> shows the asymmetric distribution over a specified window (default of 14).</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484305-0ca714c4-a138-4c69-aee4-16fcc3aa3ac4.png" alt="Apple skewness indicator" class="img_ev3q"></p><p><code>skew -w 5</code> Changing the window to five takes out some of the smoothness:</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484465-5c121ebc-d2d9-4f1d-a51f-10366aa4456a.png" alt="Apple skewness indicator with a window of 5 days" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>Sharpe Ratio over time, <code>sh</code>:</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484549-6bc723e3-42cc-4c2a-96d6-72ab96402833.png" alt="Sharpe Ratio for Apple over time" class="img_ev3q"></p><p><code>cdf</code> calls the cumulative distribution function. Apple over the long term
exhibits a steep curve.</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484623-00e6ce46-4378-4391-94e3-9ea2045d2fb4.png" alt="Cumulative Distribution Function of Apple" class="img_ev3q"></p><p>Compared with Apple, Amazon is a more gently sloping s-curve.</p><p><img loading="lazy" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/85772166/183484706-86874eb7-d454-4d38-aa78-d521fa56b1bd.png" alt="Cumulative Distribution Function of AMZN" class="img_ev3q"></p><p><code>capm</code> shows the stock&#x27;s risk against the market&#x27;s. $AAPL carries the risk of
whatever happens to the markets, happens to the stock.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#9CDCFE;--prism-background-color:#1E1E1E"><div class="codeBlockContent_m3Ux"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_qGQc thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_p187"><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">2022 Aug 08, 13:51 /stocks/qa/ $ capm Beta: 1.15 Systematic Risk: 46.40%</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#9CDCFE"><span class="token plain">Unsystematic Risk: 53.60%</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup_6DOT"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg 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