diff --git a/supplier/src/surplus/controller.ts b/supplier/src/surplus/controller.ts
index 0f14b86..7a1cf0f 100644
--- a/supplier/src/surplus/controller.ts
+++ b/supplier/src/surplus/controller.ts
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ export class SurplusSellerController {
         costMultiplierPpm: quote.costMultiplierPpm,
         inputMicroUsdPer1m: quote.inputMicroUsdPer1m,
         outputMicroUsdPer1m: quote.outputMicroUsdPer1m,
+        baselineRemainingUsdNanos: allowance.remainingUsdNanos.toString(),
         dailyCapUsd: Number(this.config.perOfferCapUsd),
         idempotencyKey: this.mutationId(),
         createdAt: new Date(this.now()).toISOString(),
@@ -445,6 +446,28 @@ export class SurplusSellerController {
       allowance,
       parseUsdDecimal(this.config.perOfferCapUsd, "ceil"),
     );
+    const baselineAllowance = BigInt(
+      currentState.intent.baselineRemainingUsdNanos,
+    );
+    const providerSpend = baselineAllowance > allowance.remainingUsdNanos
+      ? baselineAllowance - allowance.remainingUsdNanos
+      : 0n;
+    const spendCap = parseUsdDecimal(this.config.perOfferCapUsd, "ceil");
+    if (providerSpend >= spendCap) {
+      const stopping: SurplusControllerState = {
+        version: 1,
+        phase: "stopping",
+        offerId: currentState.offerId,
+        intent: currentState.intent,
+        highestTrades24h: currentState.highestTrades24h,
+        tradeObservedAt: currentState.intent.createdAt,
+        pauseIdempotencyKey: this.mutationId(),
+      };
+      await this.stateStore.save(stopping);
+      this.state = stopping;
+      await this.finishStopping();
+      return;
+    }
     const discovered = await this.client.discoverModels(
       this.config.providerApiKey,
       this.config.providerBaseUrl,
diff --git a/supplier/src/surplus/state.ts b/supplier/src/surplus/state.ts
index 5815fb6..3b39bb2 100644
--- a/supplier/src/surplus/state.ts
+++ b/supplier/src/surplus/state.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export interface SurplusOfferIntent {
   inputMicroUsdPer1m: number;
   outputMicroUsdPer1m: number;
   dailyCapUsd: number;
+  baselineRemainingUsdNanos: string;
   idempotencyKey: string;
   createdAt: string;
   baselineTrades24h: number;
@@ -283,6 +284,10 @@ function parseIntent(value: unknown): SurplusOfferIntent {
       intent.dailyCapUsd,
       "Surplus state intent.dailyCapUsd",
     ),
+    baselineRemainingUsdNanos: nonNegativeIntegerString(
+      intent.baselineRemainingUsdNanos,
+      "Surplus state intent.baselineRemainingUsdNanos",
+    ),
     idempotencyKey: nonEmptyString(
       intent.idempotencyKey,
       "Surplus state intent.idempotencyKey",
@@ -309,6 +314,13 @@ function nonEmptyString(value: unknown, field: string): string {
   return value;
 }
 
+function nonNegativeIntegerString(value: unknown, field: string): string {
+  if (typeof value !== "string" || !/^(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/.test(value)) {
+    throw new Error(`${field} must be a non-negative integer string`);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
 function isoTimestamp(value: unknown, field: string): string {
   const timestamp = nonEmptyString(value, field);
   if (!Number.isFinite(Date.parse(timestamp))) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/surplus-controller.test.ts b/tests/unit/surplus-controller.test.ts
index 6e73867..23fec7e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/surplus-controller.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/surplus-controller.test.ts
@@ -208,12 +208,15 @@ const ALLOWANCE: OpenRouterKeyAllowance = {
 function controller(
   client: FakeSurplusClient,
   store: MemoryStateStore,
+  allowance: { readAllowance(): Promise<OpenRouterKeyAllowance> } = {
+    readAllowance: async () => ALLOWANCE,
+  },
 ): SurplusSellerController {
   let mutation = 0;
   return new SurplusSellerController({
     config: config(),
     client,
-    allowance: { readAllowance: async () => ALLOWANCE },
+    allowance,
     stateStore: store,
     now: () => Date.parse("2026-08-27T10:00:00.000Z"),
     mutationId: () => `mutation-${++mutation}`,
@@ -260,6 +263,26 @@ describe("SurplusSellerController", () => {
     await restarted.stop();
   });
 
+  it("pauses when provider spend reaches the per-offer cap", async () => {
+    const client = new FakeSurplusClient();
+    const store = new MemoryStateStore();
+    let remaining = 20_000_000_000n;
+    const activeController = controller(client, store, {
+      readAllowance: async () => ({
+        ...ALLOWANCE,
+        remainingUsdNanos: remaining,
+      }),
+    });
+    await activeController.runOnce();
+    expect(client.offer?.status).toBe("active");
+
+    remaining = 18_700_000_000n;
+    await activeController.runOnce();
+
+    expect(client.offer?.status).toBe("inactive");
+    expect(store.state.phase).toBe("awaiting_settlement");
+  });
+
   it("adopts and resumes an inactive offer after an ambiguous create", async () => {
     const client = new FakeSurplusClient();
     client.offer = {
@@ -283,6 +306,7 @@ describe("SurplusSellerController", () => {
         inputMicroUsdPer1m: 3_972,
         outputMicroUsdPer1m: 7_944,
         dailyCapUsd: 1,
+        baselineRemainingUsdNanos: "20000000000",
         idempotencyKey: "create-1",
         createdAt: "2026-08-27T10:00:00.000Z",
         baselineTrades24h: 0,