OpenBB/website/content/platform/reference/technical/ad.md

title, description, keywords

title	description	keywords
ad	Learn about the Accumulation/Distribution Line and how it is interpreted to detect trends in price movement. Explore its parameters, usage, and see code examples.	Accumulation/Distribution Line On Balance Volume CLV divergence price trending upward flat flattening of the price Parameters data index offset Returns Examples

import HeadTitle from '@site/src/components/General/HeadTitle.tsx';

import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs'; import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';

Calculate the Accumulation/Distribution Line.

Similar to the On Balance Volume (OBV). Sums the volume times +1/-1 based on whether the close is higher than the previous close. The Accumulation/Distribution indicator, however multiplies the volume by the close location value (CLV). The CLV is based on the movement of the issue within a single bar and can be +1, -1 or zero.

The Accumulation/Distribution Line is interpreted by looking for a divergence in the direction of the indicator relative to price. If the Accumulation/Distribution Line is trending upward it indicates that the price may follow. Also, if the Accumulation/Distribution Line becomes flat while the price is still rising (or falling) then it signals an impending flattening of the price.

Examples

from openbb import obb
# Get the Accumulation/Distribution Line.
stock_data = obb.equity.price.historical(symbol='TSLA', start_date='2023-01-01', provider='fmp')
ad_data = obb.technical.ad(data=stock_data.results, offset=0)
obb.technical.ad(data=[{'date': '2023-01-02', 'open': 110.0, 'high': 120.0, 'low': 100.0, 'close': 115.0, 'volume': 10000.0}, {'date': '2023-01-03', 'open': 165.0, 'high': 180.0, 'low': 150.0, 'close': 172.5, 'volume': 15000.0}, {'date': '2023-01-04', 'open': 146.67, 'high': 160.0, 'low': 133.33, 'close': 153.33, 'volume': 13333.33}, {'date': '2023-01-05', 'open': 137.5, 'high': 150.0, 'low': 125.0, 'close': 143.75, 'volume': 12500.0}, {'date': '2023-01-06', 'open': 132.0, 'high': 144.0, 'low': 120.0, 'close': 138.0, 'volume': 12000.0}])

---

Parameters

Name	Type	Description	Default	Optional
data	List[Data]	List of data to be used for the calculation.		False
index	str, optional	Index column name to use with data, by default "date".		False
offset	int, optional	Offset of the AD, by default 0.		False

---

Returns

OBBject
    results : List[Data]
        The calculated data.