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buzz/docs/operator-nip-fi-bindings.md
Will Pfleger 5b433d9292 feat(relay): resolve NIP-FI issuer bindings from the database (#8377)
Stack: #8372 (merged) → this PR → #8399 → #8401

Makes relay login checks read the per-community NIP-FI issuer bindings
that #8372 stores. Without this, the relay can't keep up with bb-public,
where new communities are created at every signup and a static
`BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITIES` list won't do.

**Source switch.** `BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITY_SOURCE=database` resolves each
community's trusted issuers from `community_nip_fi_issuers`, filtered by
the issuer registry, instead of the static list. Each community gets its
own policy ID: the base ID no longer hashes every community audience,
and the final ID hashes the base plus this community's audience, so
policy IDs change once (see `docs/operator-nip-fi-bindings.md`).
`Config::from_env` refuses to start, in every mode, on an unknown
source, on `database` together with `BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITIES`, and on
`database` without `BUZZ_NIP_FI_PROVISION_BINDING`.
`BUZZ_NIP_FI_RESOLVER_*` and `BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_*` are validated in
every mode, so a bad value fails the deploy that sets it. In `off` mode
no resolver is built and no snapshot is loaded.

**Resolver (`nip_fi_resolver.rs`).**
- **Snapshot:** each pod loads every binding into memory, capped at
`BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_MAX_ROWS` (going over is a failed load). It
refreshes every 30 s, start to start, with jitter that only shortens the
delay and backoff after failures. Each attempt is limited by
`BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS`, which must be shorter than
the interval. A refresh whose deadline passes before it publishes
publishes nothing. The old snapshot is dropped off the runtime.
- **Freshness:** a host in a snapshot loaded under two minutes ago is
answered from memory. Any other host, and every host once the snapshot
is stale, goes to a live lookup. Every answer carries a deadline two
minutes after the read behind it started, and WS, HTTP and audio recheck
it just before admitting.
- **Live lookups:** bounded and single-flight. In-flight lookups are
capped by `BUZZ_NIP_FI_RESOLVER_MAX_INFLIGHT` (default 8, clamped below
the database pool size), and the pending hosts and their waiters have
fixed caps. Positive answers are used for that admission only. A "not
found" is cached for 5 s, up to
`BUZZ_NIP_FI_RESOLVER_NEGATIVE_CACHE_MAX` hosts, and only when no
snapshot was published and no binding was created while it ran. A lookup
that panics still leaves the pending map.
- **Removal:** a removed binding stops admitting new connections within
30 s plus the refresh timeout (40 s by default) while refreshes succeed,
and within two minutes of the last good load while they fail. Open
WebSocket sessions are not rechecked when a binding is removed; they end
at their own session deadline.

**Shadow mode** resolves through the same path as enforce, including the
database lookup and the freshness rules. It keeps the resolved binding's
deadline and checks it at the same point as enforce; a binding that goes
stale during the tenant lookup is recorded as `stage=deadline,
outcome=unavailable`, without changing the legacy response or closing
the socket. With `source=database` its `community` metric label is only
`bound` or `unmapped`; with `source=env` it keeps the existing
per-community audience label, so current shadow dashboards are
unchanged. Each request resolves its Host once: the router guard's
resolution, failures included, is reused by shadow recording and
admission.

**Provisioning.** Both operator provisioning paths drop this pod's
cached "not found" for the new host after a commit that bound issuers,
so the creator's first login looks it up.

**Startup and readiness.** With `source=database` and a mode other than
`off`, the first snapshot loads before any listener binds, under its own
startup phase `nip_fi_snapshot_load`. A failed load exits non-zero, so a
pod is never ready without a snapshot. **Operational consequence:** boot
already fails when the database is unreachable; what is new is that a
snapshot over `BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_MAX_ROWS` or a load past its timeout
also crash-loops new pods. After two minutes the old pods' snapshots go
stale and most logins fall through to the 8-slot live lookup, which
sheds the rest with 503. The way out is raising the cap or timeout, or
`mode=off`.

**Metrics.** `buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_*` covers loads, failures,
rows and freshness.
`buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_loaded_timestamp_seconds` is written on
every refresh attempt, so alert on `time() - x > 120` together with
`absent(x)`. `buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_rows` against
`buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_max_rows` gives the headroom to the row
cap. `buzz_nip_fi_resolver_*` covers live lookups and the negative
cache. The env vars and alerts are documented in `.env.example`, the
chart README and `docs/operator-nip-fi-bindings.md`, which also has the
staged off → shadow → enforce rollout for `source=database` with
go/no-go signals at each step, and the over-cap and load-timeout failure
modes with their ways out.

**Regression coverage.** Router-level tests run the database resolver
through the real `build_router` for root WS, audio and protected HTTP,
in enforce and shadow mode. Over PostgreSQL and Redis, two pods using
the env community source (two exact bindings) replay assertions retained
from before a disconnect through a real root NIP-42 session, the audio
deny-set check and signed NIP-98 requests: they are denied on both pods,
and a root session upgraded before the disconnect is refused by the
post-registration deny-set check. Postgres tests in `buzz-db` check that
archived and quiescing communities, and issuers missing from the
registry, never reach the snapshot or the live lookup. Process-level
`boot_lifecycle` tests spawn the real relay with `source=database`: an
over-cap or timed-out startup load exits non-zero with no health
listener bound, and a loadable snapshot lets readiness turn ready.

---------

Signed-off-by: Will Pfleger <pfleger.will@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hayt <211b96e6a2b7f45fd4047988976c7bbbeeda0c15f3ae7b32eec20834b5a55118@buzz.block.builderlab.xyz>
Co-authored-by: Duncan <dcfd242e557282d7a1e2cf2e6877522682f1e5c6156dc92ca7d90eaedd3b0f95@buzz.block.builderlab.xyz>
2026-10-19 10:32:18 -04:00

10 KiB

NIP-FI Community Issuer Bindings

A deployment that provisions communities under one host suffix, for example <name>.communities.buzz.xyz, stores the NIP-FI issuers allowed to vouch for each community in community_nip_fi_issuers. The relay writes these rows when it creates a community; buzz-admin nip-fi backfills and edits them.

A host may hold a binding only when it is exactly one DNS label under the suffix, has no port, and is not reserved. A host is reserved when https://<host> is a command_audiences entry of any issuer in BUZZ_NIP_FI_ISSUERS, so a command audience can never become a community assertion audience. The relay refuses to start while a reserved host holds a binding, and the operator lookup route reports no issuers for a host that is not bindable or for an issuer that is not configured.

Configuration

BUZZ_NIP_FI_PROVISION_BINDING is read in every NIP-FI mode. Unset or empty binds nothing.

{
  "host_suffix": "communities.buzz.xyz",
  "authorized_issuers": ["https://app.builderlab.xyz/api/goose"]
}
  • host_suffix is a lowercase domain name without a port or trailing dot.
  • authorized_issuers is non-empty, and every entry must be an issuer in BUZZ_NIP_FI_ISSUERS. Each issuer is 1 to 2048 bytes.
  • The suffix must not cover any BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITIES host, and every canonical_uri there must be readable. The relay and buzz-admin both refuse to start otherwise.

buzz-admin parses the same variables with the relay's parser. Run it with the relay's environment: BUZZ_NIP_FI_PROVISION_BINDING, BUZZ_NIP_FI_ISSUERS, BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITIES, and DATABASE_URL.

Database community source

BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITY_SOURCE=database resolves communities from these bindings instead of BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITIES. The relay refuses to start if BUZZ_NIP_FI_PROVISION_BINDING is unset or BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITIES is set. In off mode no snapshot is loaded.

Variable Default Bound
BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITY_SOURCE env env or database
BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_MAX_ROWS 1,000,000 1 to 10,000,000 community-issuer rows; a larger load fails
BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS 10,000 under the 30s refresh interval
BUZZ_NIP_FI_RESOLVER_NEGATIVE_CACHE_MAX 100,000 1 to 1,000,000 hosts
BUZZ_NIP_FI_RESOLVER_MAX_INFLIGHT 8 at least 1, clamped below the database pool size

Each pod loads a snapshot before it binds any listener, and refreshes it every 30s. A removed binding stops admitting new connections within 30s plus the configured refresh timeout (40s by default) while refreshes succeed, and within two minutes of the last good load while they fail. Open WebSocket sessions are not rechecked when a binding is removed; they end at their own session deadline. Alert on time() - buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_loaded_timestamp_seconds > 120 and on absent(buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_loaded_timestamp_seconds).

Commands

buzz-admin nip-fi backfill
buzz-admin nip-fi bind --host acme.communities.buzz.xyz --issuer https://issuer.example
buzz-admin nip-fi unbind --host acme.communities.buzz.xyz --issuer https://issuer.example

backfill binds the authorized issuers to every active, unbound, bindable community, a page of 1000 hosts at a time. Archived communities are bound on purpose, so unarchiving leaves a community that can log in. A community whose deletion has started is skipped. It always prints its counts and exits 1 while any bindable community remains unbound:

{"rows_bound": 12, "unbound": 0, "unbound_hosts": [], "truncated": false}

unbound_hosts lists at most 100 hosts; truncated is true when there are more.

bind refuses a reserved host, a host that is not one label under the suffix, and an issuer not in BUZZ_NIP_FI_ISSUERS.

unbind works without BUZZ_NIP_FI_PROVISION_BINDING. It refuses to remove a community's last issuer, because an empty community looks never-provisioned and the next backfill would bind it again. To swap issuers, bind the new one and then unbind the old one. To stop a community logging in, archive or delete it. When the provisioning config is present and shows the host is not bindable (a reserved host or one outside the suffix), unbind removes the last issuer too; this is how to clear a reserved-host binding that blocks relay startup.

backfill never adds the default issuers beside an operator bind: both lock the community row, and the backfill only inserts while the community still has no binding.

Lookup route

GET /operator/communities/nip-fi-binding?host=<host> is operator-signed and returns {"host": ..., "active": ..., "issuers": [...]}. kgoose relies on this contract:

  • host is the host stored on the community row.
  • Every lifecycle state answers 200. active is false once the community is archived or its deletion has started quiescing, including a tombstoned community; it stays true while a deletion is only requested.
  • issuers is [] when BUZZ_NIP_FI_PROVISION_BINDING is unset, the host is not bindable, or nothing is bound. Only issuers in BUZZ_NIP_FI_ISSUERS are reported, in byte order.
  • 404 means no community has this host; 400 means the host is malformed.

Rollout

  1. Deploy the relay with BUZZ_NIP_FI_PROVISION_BINDING set. New communities are bound at creation from then on.
  2. Run buzz-admin nip-fi backfill with the relay's environment. Repeat it until it exits 0.
  3. Do not turn on the database binding source in enforce mode while any bindable community is unbound: an unbound community fails closed.

Database source runbook

BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITY_SOURCE=database reads communities from these bindings instead of BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITIES. Move one mode at a time, and only move forward when the step's go signals hold.

Off

Set BUZZ_NIP_FI_COMMUNITY_SOURCE=database with BUZZ_NIP_FI_MODE=off. No snapshot loads in off, but every BUZZ_NIP_FI_RESOLVER_* and BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_* value is validated, so a bad one fails this deploy.

  • Go: the rollout completes, and buzz-admin nip-fi backfill exits 0.
  • No-go: a pod fails config validation. Fix the named variable.

Shadow

Set BUZZ_NIP_FI_MODE=shadow. Each pod now loads the snapshot before any listener binds, refreshes it every 30 s, and records what enforce would decide without refusing anything. Shadow labels database-source records community="bound" or "unmapped", never a host.

  • Go, held for at least a day of normal traffic:
    • time() - buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_loaded_timestamp_seconds stays under 60 on every pod.
    • buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_load_failures_total is flat.
    • buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_rows / buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_max_rows is under 0.5.
    • buzz_nip_fi_resolver_miss_rejections_total is flat.
    • The non-admit share of buzz_nip_fi_shadow_total is only what you expect to deny; community="unmapped" comes only from hosts you do not serve.
  • No-go: any of these fails. Return to off and investigate.

Enforce

Set BUZZ_NIP_FI_MODE=enforce. Watch the same signals, plus the rate of 503 responses on login.

  • Go: the shadow signals keep holding, and 503s stay at their shadow baseline.
  • No-go: logins return 503 or are refused unexpectedly. Set mode=off (below).

Alerts

  • Stale snapshot: time() - buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_loaded_timestamp_seconds > 120, together with absent(buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_loaded_timestamp_seconds) for a database-source pod.
  • Near the row cap: buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_rows / buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_max_rows > 0.8. buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_rows is the size of the last good load.
  • Over the cap or too slow: any increase of buzz_nip_fi_binding_snapshot_load_failures_total{reason=~"over_cap|timeout"}.
  • Live lookups shed: any increase of buzz_nip_fi_resolver_miss_rejections_total.

When the snapshot is too big or too slow

A load fails when the snapshot has more rows than BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_MAX_ROWS or takes longer than BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS. Both get worse as communities are added, so they usually arrive during normal growth, not at a deploy.

  • New pods: the startup load fails and the process exits, so new pods crash-loop and a rollout stalls. Boot already fails when the database is unreachable; what this source adds is that snapshot size and load time can also fail it.
  • Running pods: their refreshes fail but the last good snapshot keeps answering. Once it is 120 s old it is stale, and every login's host goes to a live lookup. Live lookups share BUZZ_NIP_FI_RESOLVER_MAX_INFLIGHT slots (8 by default). Concurrent logins for the same host share one lookup, and a login waits up to 50 ms for a free slot; how many are shed depends on login load across distinct hosts and on lookup latency. In enforce, a shed login gets 503 (authorization_unavailable); in shadow it is only recorded as a would-deny.

Ways out, in order:

  1. Raise BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_MAX_ROWS (up to 10,000,000) or BUZZ_NIP_FI_SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_TIMEOUT_MS (under 30,000), whichever the failure reason names, and roll out.
  2. If that cannot land quickly, set BUZZ_NIP_FI_MODE=off. off loads no snapshot, so pods boot and admit as they did before NIP-FI.

Assertion policy ID change

This release changes every verified assertion's policy ID once, on purpose. The base ID (derive_assertion_policy_id in crates/buzz-auth/src/nip_fi/config.rs) no longer hashes the configured community audiences. The ID carried on a verified assertion is now IssuerPolicy::id_for_community: a hash of that base and the one community audience the request resolved to. The issuer is still committed through the base.

Policy IDs from earlier releases therefore do not match. Inside the relay the ID is only carried on the verified assertion and never compared with a stored ID, so admission is unaffected. Anything outside the relay that recorded old policy IDs, such as dashboards, log queries or allow-lists, should expect new values after the upgrade.